![]() In the context of art history, "modernity" ( modernité) has a more limited sense, " modern art" covering the period of c. 1860–1970. Optimism and belief in constant progress has been most recently criticized by postmodernism while the dominance of Western Europe and Anglo-America over other continents has been criticized by postcolonial theory. ![]() Wars and other perceived problems of this era, many of which come from the effects of rapid change, and the connected loss of strength of traditional religious and ethical norms, have led to many reactions against modern development. The modern era is closely associated with the development of individualism, capitalism, urbanization and a belief in the possibilities of technological and political progress. ( edit | history)īy the late 19th and 20th centuries, modernist art, politics, science and culture has come to dominate not only Western Europe and North America, but almost every populated area on the globe, including movements thought of as opposed to the West and globalization. Part of this section is transcluded from Modern era. It also encompasses the social relations associated with the rise of capitalism, and shifts in attitudes associated with secularisation, liberalization, modernization and post-industrial life. Īs an analytical concept and normative idea, modernity is closely linked to the ethos of philosophical and aesthetic modernism political and intellectual currents that intersect with the Enlightenment and subsequent developments such as existentialism, modern art, the formal establishment of social science, and contemporaneous antithetical developments such as Marxism. While it includes a wide range of interrelated historical processes and cultural phenomena (from fashion to modern warfare), it can also refer to the subjective or existential experience of the conditions they produce, and their ongoing impact on human culture, institutions, and politics. In historiography, the 16th to 18th centuries are usually described as early modern, while the long 19th century corresponds to " modern history" proper. (Thus "modern" may be used as a name of a particular era in the past, as opposed to meaning "the current era".)ĭepending on the field, "modernity" may refer to different time periods or qualities. The term " contemporary history" is also used to refer to the post-1945 timeframe, without assigning it to either the modern or postmodern era. Some commentators consider the era of modernity to have ended by 1930, with World War II in 1945, or the 1980s or 1990s the following era is called postmodernity. Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio- cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissance-in the " Age of Reason" of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century " Enlightenment".
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